TÊN GỌI MỘT SỐ AXIT HỮU CƠ

1./ Một số axit hữu cơ đơn chức

H-COOH               Axit metanoic (Axit fomic)

CH3COOH            Axit etanoic (axit axetic)

CH3CH2COOH     Axit propanoic (C2H5COOH; C3H6O2 Axit propionic; Axit metylaxetic)

CH3CH2CH2COOH             Axit butanoic (C3H7COOH; C4H8O2 Axit n-butiric; Axit etylaxetic)

CH3-CH(CH3)-COOH         Axit 2-metylpropanoic (C3H7COOH; C4H8O2 Axit isobutiric)

CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH      Axit pentanoic (C4H9COOH; C5H10O2 Axit n-valeric)

CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-COOH                Axit 3-metylbutanoic (C4H9COOH; C5H10O2 Axit isovaleric)

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH              Axit hexanoic (C5H11COOH; C6H12O2 Axit caproic)

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH       Axit heptanoic (C6H13COOH; C7H14COOH Axit enantoic)

CH3[CH2]6COOH                               Axit octanoic (C7H13COOH; C8H14O) Axit caprilic)

CH3[CH2]7COOH                               Axit nonanoic (C8H17COOH; C9H18O2 Axit pelacgonic)

CH3[CH2]8COOH                               Axit decanoic (C9H19COOH; C10H20O2 Axit capric)

2./ Một số axit béo thường gặp (axit béo cao, gặp trong chất béo, )

C13H27COOH        Axit miristic; Axit tetradecanoic

C15H31COOH        Axit panmitic; Axit hexadecanoic

C15H29COOH        Axit panmitoleic 

C17H35COOH        Axit stearic; Axit octadecanoic

C17H33COOH        Axit oleic; Axit cis-9-octadecenonic

C17H31COOH        Axit linoleic; Axit cis, cis-9, 12-octadecadienoic

C17H29COOH        Axit linolenic; Axit cis, cis, cis–9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic

3./ Một số axit hữu cơ đơn chức không no

CH2=CH-COOH                    Axit propenoic; Axit acrilic

CH2=C(CH3)-COOH             Axit 2- metylpropenoic; Axit metacrilic

CH3-CH=CH-COOH             Axit 2-butenoic; Axit crotonic (dạng trans)

CH2=CH-CH2-COOH           Axit 3-butenoic; Axit vinylaxetic

CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-COOH  Axit 4-pentenoic; Axit alylaxetic

CH3-C≡C-COOH                  Axit 2-butinoic; Axit tetrolic

CH≡C-COOH                        Axit propinoic; Axit propiolic

4./ Một số axit hữu cơ đa chức

HOOC-COOH                      Axit etandioic; Axit oxalic

HOOC-CH2-COOH              Axit propandioic; Axit malonic

HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH     Axit butandioic; Axit sucxinic (Axid succinic)

HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH         Axit pentandioic; Axit glutaric

HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH         Axit hexandioic; Axit adipic (Axid adipic)

HOOC-(CH2)5-COOH         Axit heptandioic; Axit pimelic

HOOC-(CH2)6-COOH         Axit octandioic; Axit suberic; Axit terephtalic;

HOOC-C6H4-COOH            Axit p – benzendicacboxilic; 1,4 – Ðicacboxibenzen

5./ Một số axit hữu cơ tạp chức

CH3-CH(OH)-COOH                           Axit lactic; Axit 2-hidroxipropanoic; Axit a-hidroxipropionic

HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH    Axit glutamic; Axit α-aminoglutaric; Axit 2-aminopentandioic

CH2(OH)-[CH(OH)]4-COOH              Axit gluconic; Axit 2,3,4,5,6-hexahidroxihexanoic

HOOC-CH2-(HO)C(COOH)-CH2-COOH        Axit xitric (Axid citric); Axit limonic; Axit 2-hidroxi-1,2,3-propantricacboxilic