Công Ty Hóa Chất Hanimex HANIMEX Chemical
Chlorine is the chemical most often used to keep swimming pools and Jacuzzis free of bacteria that can be hazardous to humans.
Chlorine kills bacteria though a fairly simple chemical reaction. The chlorine solution you pour into the water breaks down into many different chemicals, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl–). Both kill microorganisms and bacteria by attacking the lipids in the cell walls and destroying the enzymes and structures inside the cell, rendering them oxidized and harmless. The difference between HOCl and OCl– is the speed at which they oxidize. Hypochlorous acid is able to oxidize the organisms in several seconds, while the hypochlorite ion may take up to 30 minutes.
The levels of HOCl and OCl– vary with the pool’s pH level. If the pH is too high, not enough HOCl is present and pool cleaning can take much longer than normal. Ideally, the level of pH in the pool should be between 7 and 8; 7.4 is ideal — this is the pH of human tears. Once the HOCl and OCl– are done cleaning the pool, they either combine with another chemical, such as ammonia, or are broken down into single atoms. Both of these processes render the chlorine harmless. Sunlight speeds these processes up. You have to keep adding chlorine to the pool as it breaks down.
While the bacteria-killing properties of chlorine are very useful, chlorine also has some side effects that can be annoying to humans, and possibly even hazardous. Chlorine has a very distinctive smell that most find unpleasant, and some find overwhelming. There is also the “itch factor” — chlorine can cause certain skin types to become itchy and irritated. The hypochlorite ion causes many fabrics to fade quickly when not rinsed off immediately after exiting the pool. This is why your swimsuit looks faded and worn so early in the summer.
Extremely high amounts of chlorine gas hovering above your pool can be hazardous to your breathing. Some companies have developed alternatives to chlorine, including other chemicals and ion generators. Some of these are good alternatives, but they don’t achieve the cleanliness, oxidation levels or low price that chlorine provides.
THE TRUTH ABOUT CHLORINE IN SWIMMING POOLS
This summer when you don your bathing suit and walk out onto the pool deck, you may be in for a sensory experience that conjures up happy memories of summers past—warm sunshine, sparkling pool water and the smell of chlorine. If the chlorine smell is very strong, however, you may soon spot “red-eyed” swimmers emerging from the pool. That’s when the pool water is assumed to have “too much chlorine” in it. Ironically, a strong chemical smell around the pool and “swimmer red eye” may be signs that there is not enough chlorine in the water. Sound confusing? It’s time to set the record straight about chlorine and swimming pools.
Chlorine helps protect swimmers from waterborne germs
Most swimmers understand that chlorine is added to pools to kill germs that can make swimmers sick. Chlorine-based pool sanitizers help reduce swimmers’ risk of waterborne illnesses, such as diarrhea, swimmer’s ear, and various skin infections. The great advantage of chlorine over other sanitizers, such as ozone and UV is that it keeps working long after it is added to pool water; chlorine provides a “residual” level of protection against germs in the water. Chlorine is not the only “game in town” when it comes to pool sanitizers, but of the common products, only chlorine- and bromine-based disinfectants provide significant residual protection. Salt-water pools, by the way, are chlorinated pools in which the chlorine is generated on site from sodium chloride.
It’s important to get the pool chemistry right
Pool managers strive to keep the “free chlorine” level of pool water between about one and three parts per million. Maintaining the chlorine level in that range depends on several factors, including the pH of the water (it should be between 7.2 and 7.8), and the presence of unwanted substances in the pool, such as urine, perspiration, body oils and lotions, which compete with chlorine and react with it. These substances add to what is known as the “chlorine demand.”
Products of chemical reactions between chlorine and substances added by swimmers are irritants known as chloramines. It is chloramines, not chlorine, that are responsible for swimmer red eye. Unshowered and unhygienic swimmers (read: those who pee in the pool), add to the “chlorine demand” and are often the real cause of swimmer red eye. Unfortunately, as chlorine reacts with impurities brought into the pool by swimmers, there is less of it available to kill germs. So, not only do unhygienic swimmers promote irritants forming in swimming pools, they may also inadvertently raise the risk of waterborne illnesses. More chlorine may be needed to chemically destroy the chloramines formed and restore a free chlorine residual.
Swimmers can help keep swimming healthy
This comes as a surprise to many swimmers. The fact is that swimmer hygiene affects the chemistry of the pool and the comfort of swimmers. Last summer we made the point that swimmer “red eye” is an indicator that someone might have peed in the pool. That raised awareness and quite a few eyebrows. This year, we join our efforts to those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ask swimmers to shower before swimming and never pee in the pool. When you walk out to the pool this summer, sniff the air and decide whether or not you are about to jump into a healthy pool!
Q&A
Q: Is chlorine in the pool bad for you?
A: Chlorine is used in pool water because it kills bacteria and germs, oxidizes organic debris from perspiration and body oils, and fights algae. … And among adults, exposure to chlorine in pools has been linked to bladder and rectal cancer and increased risk for coronary heart disease
Q: How is chlorine used in swimming pools?
A: Chlorine is added to the water to kill germs. When it is added to a swimming pool, it forms a weak acid called hypochlorous acid that kills bacteria like salmonella and E. coli, as well as germs that cause viruses such as diarrhea and swimmer’s ear.
Q: Does chlorine really keep pool clean?
A: Chlorine helps keep water clean by preventing the growth of algae. It keeps your pool water safe by attacking and neutralizing harmful bacteria and microorganisms. The magic of chlorine is in a simple chemical reaction.
Q: What should chlorine level be in pool?
A: Regardless of how frequently or what system you use to add chlorine to the water, the chlorine level should stay between 1.0 and 3.0 parts per million (ppm) to maintain a healthy pool. Any higher will make you to run the risk of red eyes and swimmers itch.
Q: How long after adding chlorine can I swim?
A: It is recommended to wait at least 20 minutes to an hour after adding water balancing chemicals. You should wait 2-4 hours (or one full cycle through the filter) to swim from the moment you use calcium chloride in your pool. It is safe to swim once your chlorine levels are around 5 ppm or after 24 hours.
Q: Does chlorine kill germs in pool?
A: Chlorine is added to the water to kill germs. But it does not work right away. If used properly, free chlorine* can kill most germs within a few minutes. CDC recommends pH 7.2–7.8 and a free chlorine concentration of at least 1 ppm in pools and at least 3 ppm in hot tubs/spas.
Q: How often should you put chlorine in pool?
A: The ideal chlorine value for a swimming pool
In addition, you have to keep the chlorine content at the right level. Ideally, the chlorine value should be between 1 and 1.5 ppm. During the swimming season, we recommend checking these values twice a week
Source:
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/question652.htm
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